중동부유럽

This study intends to compare establishment of the Polish and Korean governments immediately after the Second World War and find similarities and differences in the two cases. While Poland was under heavy Soviet military occupation in the course of war, Korea was jointly occupied by both Soviet and U.S. forces along the 38th parallel. This difference in military occupation led to different processes in which governments were established in both countries. At the Yalta Conference in early February 1945, the Soviet Union, the United States, and Great Britain agreed to establish the Polish government in accordance with the following formula. The Allied Powers would consult with “democratic” political parties and social organizations to form a provisional government, which in turn would hold general elections to create the Polish government. The “Polish formula” acted as a model for establishment of new governments in countries which were liberated from the Axis Powers, including Korea. In Poland which was under unilateral Soviet military occupation, Russians took the initiative in creation of the government, which resulted in the formation of a unified communist regime in 1947. On the other hand, in Korea which was occupied by both Russian and American forces, in 1948 there emerged two antagonistic governments based on diametrically opposed principles and sponsors. In sum, by whom and how Poland and Korea were occupied determined their future destinies.